India and China relations have reached a new significant milestone. Both nations have released statements confirming that they have agreed to restore patrolling rights in the Depsang Plains and Demchok regions of eastern Ladakh. This development addresses “legacy issues” which have soured relations of both countries since 1950s onwards.
Key take ways from the new agreement
- The patrolling situation at the border is set to return to what it was before May 2020 when a conflict broke out between soldiers of India and China.
- For the Indian troops patrolling will occur up till Patrolling Points (PP) 10 to 13 in Depsang and Charding Nullah in Demchok.
- India and China both can patrol up to the old points along the LAC (Line of Actual Control). India can patrol up till those points twice a month.
- Around 14-15 troops can join the patrolling party each time.
- Coordination between both sides to avoid any clashing dates with the aim to prevent any misunderstanding.
Remaining Friction Points
- Galwan Valley and Pangong Tso are still sensitive friction points where more diplomatic back and forth will be needed before an agreement is reached.
- Arunanchal Pradesh and other sensitive areas are also under discussion.
Commander level meetings
To build trust between the two nations monthly Commander-level meetings and coordination on case-specific tasks will occur.
This is a very significant development as it opens the door to de-escalation and possibly a resolution to the long-standing border dispute.
What is the Border Issue at LAC in Ladakh?
Due to the shoddy exit strategy of British Empire from India, the borders between India and China were in dispute ever since Post-Independence India and Communist China established diplomatic ties in 1950s.
In 1962, war broke out at the disputed border and established the LAC in question. By 1990s the situation recovered a little after border agreements were reached.
In 2020, the situation got worse when Indian and Chinese troops engaged in hand-to-hand at the Galwan valley.
In 2023, PM Modi and Chinese President XI Jinpin agreed to start efforts to disengage and de-escalate the stand-off during their meeting in BRICS Summit in Johannesburg.
Why is this an important agreement?
It is possible that the recent developments in disengagement lead to a greater resolution of the conflict and further diplomatic and bilateral political ties.
Until an year ago, Chinese side was reluctant to even discuss terms so it is a positive step forward.
Role of BRICS in this development
Xi Jinpin and PM Modi represent two major nations in BRICS. Only by solving internal issues, BRICS could become a stronger coalition of important nations. It is possible that the border conflict resolution is being done to further enhance the role of BRICS in global affairs.
Way Forward
- While disengagement has been achieved, the focus should now shift towards de-escalation of tensions between the two nations.
- It is essential to bridge the existing trust deficit. Open communication and transparency can foster a better relationship.
- Improving infrastructure along the border areas can help avoid friction and misunderstandings during ongoing talks.
- Both countries must exhibit maturity in handling conflicts, recognizing that friction is a possibility between two major states.
- India should maintain vigilance to protect its interests while engaging in diplomatic efforts. Continuous monitoring of the situation is crucial to prevent any resurgence of tensions.
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